The significance of fire safety becomes paramount when considering the growth of energy storage systems.
Fire Safety in the Energy Storage Systems
While the energy storage industry often focuses on the problem of single-cell thermal runaway, which results from battery cells producing heat faster than it can be dissipated, this is just one part of the more significant fire safety concerns related to energy storage systems.
In order to adequately tackle issues related to fire safety, engineers need to embrace a comprehensive approach that considers the broader perspective. This entails taking into account not only individual thermal runaway incidents but also various other factors such as human behavior and environmental conditions that may augment the likelihood of fire hazards.
By expanding the focus beyond single-cell thermal runaway, the industry can tackle the root causes of fire risks, rather than merely addressing the symptoms. As a result, engineers are designing more comprehensive safety features that can mitigate a broader range of threats.
Through our years of experience and lessons learned, Ampowr has chosen to only work with only the safest and most recyclable materials. Ampowr uses 3 types of batteries: Crystal Batteries (Classified as AGM batteries), which are made from pure lead, therefore are highly recyclable, Nano Crystal Batteries (NCPB), industry term Lithium Phosphate (LFP) and Nano Crystal Batteries (NCTB), industry term Lithium Titanate (LTO).
When it comes to fire safety, LFP and Titanate batteries have several advantages over traditional lithium-ion batteries. Due to their chemical stability and non-volatile electrolyte, LFP batteries have a lower risk of thermal runaway and fire. Similarly, Titanate batteries have high thermal stability, making them less prone to thermal runaway and subsequent fire. Moreover, in the case of thermal runaways, the reaction is less violent, lowering the risk of fire and explosion. Furthermore, the materials used in these batteries, including iron, phosphate, titanium, and carbon, are abundant and easy to recycle. While these batteries offer improved fire safety and recyclability, it’s essential to handle and dispose of all battery types correctly to minimize their environmental impact and ensure safety.
Developing Fire Safety Standards and Testing for Energy Storage Systems
As the energy storage industry focuses on broader fire safety concerns, new industry standards are being developed to ensure adherence to best practices. Energy storage providers now pursue certification to instill confidence in their customers that the battery systems they purchase are safe and reliable.
Previously, industry standards and testing methods such as UL 9540 and UL 9540A were primarily focused on single-cell thermal runaway risks. However, updates and industry insights have led to a broader fire testing focus, requiring manufacturers to test against multiple-cell thermal runaway risks. Heat flux analysis and explosion protection system effectiveness are also receiving increasing attention.
In addition to product standards, comprehensive fire codes are being developed to govern the entire lifecycle of energy storage facilities, from design and construction to operation, maintenance, and decommissioning. These codes require compliance with various other standards, including those for electrical safety, alarms and detection, fire suppression, and explosion protection.
Focusing on fire safety in 2023
With the growing use of energy storage, battery facilities are now commonly located in densely populated urban areas and the urban-wildland interface, making fire safety a pressing concern.
By recognizing these challenges, enhancing fire safety standards, and working closely with regulators, the energy storage industry can effectively address safety concerns, facilitate project development, and provide crucial support to the energy grid through battery storage.
To ensure that energy storage systems are secure, dependable, and adaptable to different environments, the industry needs to prioritize fire safety. Taking proactive measures in this regard will benefit the industry and advance the shift toward a more sustainable energy landscape.
